Methane (CH4) is a colorless, odorless gas that serves as a significant component of natural gas. It is emitted through both natural processes and human activities, notably during the production and transport of coal, oil, and natural gas. Additionally, methane is released from livestock and other agricultural practices, as well as from the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills.
Key aspects of methane include:
- Potent Greenhouse Gas: Methane has a global warming potential (GWP) approximately 28-36 times greater than carbon dioxide (CO2) over a 100-year period, making it a critical contributor to climate change.
- Short Atmospheric Lifetime: Despite its potency, methane remains in the atmosphere for about 12 years, which is relatively short compared to other greenhouse gases. This short lifespan means that reductions in methane emissions can have a swift impact on atmospheric concentrations.
- Major Emission Sources: Significant sources of methane emissions include fossil fuel extraction and use, livestock farming (particularly enteric fermentation in ruminants), rice cultivation, and the decomposition of organic waste in landfills.
Addressing methane emissions is vital for mitigating climate change due to its high GWP and the immediate benefits that can result from emission reductions.
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